Aparat Foto Digital Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z20

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Specificatii tehnice:                             

Number of effective pixels: 5.0

million (approx.) CCD: 1/2.5-inch interline primary-colour CCD

Total pixels: 5.2 million (approx.)

Camera sensitivity: Auto and 50,100, 200, and 320 ISO equivalents

Focal length: 6 - 48mm (35mm equivalent: 36 – 290mm)

Lens construction: 11 elements in 9 groups

Maximum aperture: f/3.2 – f/3.4

Minimum focus distance: Wide: 0.5m/1.6ft from front of lens

Telephoto: 1.5m/4.9ft from front of lens

Minimum macro distance:

Macro Mode:

Wide:0.01m / 0.4in.

Tele:0.6m / 23.6in.

Maximum magnification:

Equivalent to 1.5x in 35mm format

Area covered at maximum magnification:

25 x 18mm /1.0 x 0.7 in. (approx.)

LCD monitor:

1.5-inch low-temperature polysilicon TFT colour

Total number of pixels: 113,000

Automatic monitor amplification

Viewfinder type:

Electronic Viewfinder

Field of view: viewfinder 98%

D monitor: 100 % (approx.)

Display-mode switch:

Viewfinder display, LCD-monitor display

Switch Finder system allows the monitor to be viewed directly

or through the viewfinder.

Diopter control: – 3 ~ +1 m -1

Shutter: CCD electronic shutter and mechanical shutter

Shutter speed range: 4 - 1/2000

Autofocus system:

Rapid AF: a combination of a passive AF sensor with the video AF system

Autofocus areas: 3-Point Wide Focus Area

Spot focus areas with Focus Area Selection

Focus modes: Single-shot AF, Continuous AF with predictive focus control,

Full-time AF, Manual focus.

Focus lock: By pressing shutter-release button partway down.

Metering: Multi-Segment, Centre-Weighted, Spot

Multi-segment metering: 256 segmnts

Programmed AE, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority, Manual

Digital Subject Programs:

Automatic (Portrait, Sports action, Landscape, Sunset, Standard)

Manual (Portrait, Sports action, Landscape, Sunset, Night Portrait.)

Exposure compensation: ±2 Ev in 1/3 Ev increments

AE lock: By pressing shutter-release button partway down

Flash metering: Pre-flash TTL

Flash range: Wide: 0.5 – 4.6 m / 1.6 – 15.1 ft. (approx.) from front of lens

Telephoto: 1.5 – 4.6 m / 4.9 – 15.1ft. (approx.) from front of lens

Auto flash, Autoflash with Red- Eye reduction, Fill flash, Flashcancel, Slow-shutter sync.

Autoflash disabled with aperture priority, shutter priority, and manual exposure modes.

Flash recycling time: 5 s (approx.) Flash compensation:

± 2 Ev in 1/3 Ev increments

Flash-sync speeds:

All shutter speeds

Continuous advance:

1.0 fps (approx.) * Actual speed may vary depending upon the subject and camera

settings.

Approximate number of frames that can be captured at one time with continuous-advance drive modes:

continuous advance 2560x1920 2048x1536 1600x1200 640x480

Fine 3 frames 3 frames 5 frames 28 frames

Standard 4 frames 7 frames 11 frames 45 frames

Economy 9 frames 13 frames 20 frames 64 frames

Progressive Capture:

Stores images from the latest frame captured with the continuous advance.

Maximum number of images that can be recorded with the Progress

Capture mode: Max. 6 frames (approx.1 fps)

Exposure bracketing:

Three frame bracket in 0.5, 0.3 Ev increments

Self-timer: 10 s , 2s (approx.)

Movie: Recording time dependent on me mory card capacity, image size, and frame rate.

Frame rate: 15fps

(640x480, 320x240), 30fps (320x240)

Movie frame capture,

Night movie (automatic selection or disabled)

White balance control:

Automatic, Preset (Daylight,

Cloudy, Tungsten, Fluorescent, Fla Custom Digital Effects Control:

Contrast compensation, Sharpness

Contrast compensation:

Three levels (Low, Normal, High)

Sharpness settings:

Three levels (Soft, Normal, Hard)

Colour modes:

Natural Colour, Vivid Colour, Black and white, Sepia

Digital zoom:

4x (max.) in 0.1x increments

Languages

Japanese, English, Germany, French, Spanish, Chinese (Simplified character),

Italian, Swedish

Copy function:

To copy single or multiple images

1) Card to card 2) Card to internal storage

3) Internal storage to card

E-mail Copy function:

Creates a compressed 640x480 JPEG image for transmission.

Date imprinting:

Year/month/day (Format can be changed.)

Imprinting can be disabled

Key customization:

The function activated by the flash-mode button can be changed.

Image-quality modes:

Fine, Standard, Economy

Number of recorded pixels (Still images):

2560 x 1920, 2048 x 1536, 1600 x 1200, 640 x 480

Number of recorded pixels (Movie clips):

640x480, 320x240,

Storage capacity:

Approximate storage capacity of

a 14.5MB internal storage:

Still images

2560x1920 2048x1536 1600x1200 640x480

Fine 6 frames 9 frames 14 frames 71 frames

Standard 11 frames 17 frames 28 frames 103 frames

Economy 22 frames 33 frames 48 frames 155 frames

Movie clips

640 x 480 320 x 240

30 fps - 21 s

15 fps 27 s 43 s

Approximate storage capacity of

a 64MB SD (Secure Digital)

Memory Card:

Still images

2560x1920 2048x1536 1600x1200 640x480

Fine 25 frames 38 frames 61 frames 297 frames

Standard 49 frames 74 frames 117 frames 430 frames

Economy 94 frames 138 frames 203 frames 645 frames

Introduction

The Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z20 digital camera is the latest in Konica Minolta's highly popular and competitively priced line of DiMAGE long-zoom digital cameras. A good, basic long-zoom camera, the Konica Minolta Z20 sports an 8x zoom lens and a 5-megapixel CCD. While it lacks the advanced anti-shake technology found in the DiMAGE Z5, the Z20 offers most everything else a casual shooter could ask for. In my testing, the Konica Minolta Z20 delivered good-looking images with bright, attractive color and good, crisp detail. It doesn't reach the extremes of performance of some higher-end models, but is responsive to the shutter, and is sensitive enough to handle typical city night scenes with ease. All in all, the Konica Minolta Z20 represents an attractive package of features and capabilities, at an attractive price. Read on for all the details!

Camera Overview

Looking something like a smaller version of a 35mm "big lens" SLR, except for the fixed flash perched on top, Konica Minolta's DiMAGE Z20 offers the benefit of an 8x optical zoom and optional full manual exposure control in a reasonably compact, very user-friendly package. Measuring 4.29 x 3.23 x 3.70 inches (109 x 82 x 94 millimeters) and weighing 14.7 ounces (417 grams) with the batteries and SD memory card, the Konica Minolta Z20 is fairly compact for such a long-zoom camera, but a bit too chunky for a pocket. It should fit nicely into larger purses and backpacks or a small case, though. A neck/shoulder strap is included for more secure portability. Covered in silver and charcoal-gray plastic panels, the Z20's body is built around the large, rigid lens barrel. A substantial handgrip provides a solid hold. A plastic lens cap protects the non-telescoping lens, and like that on the DiMAGE Z10, it does not tether to the camera body. The Konica Minolta Z20 features a 5.0-megapixel CCD, which produces images that when printed full frame, are suitable for enlargements up to 8x10 inches, as well as lower resolution images better suited for email distribution. With its wide range of exposure options, 8x optical zoom, and good resolution CCD, the Z20 is a capable performer.

The Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z20 is equipped with an 8x, 6-48mm lens, the equivalent of a 36-290mm lens on a 35mm camera. This represents a range from a very useful wide-angle to a substantial telephoto. Maximum aperture ranges from f/3.2 to f/3.4, depending on the lens zoom setting. Focus is specified as ranging from 1.6 feet (0.5 meters) to infinity at the wide-angle position, and from 4.9 feet (1.5 meters) to infinity at the telephoto position. This is not near enough for closeups of small objects, but the macro setting fills the gap by allowing focusing from 0.4 inches (1cm) at the wide angle lens position, or from 23.6 inches (60cm) at telephoto. Though the DiMAGE Z20 normally judges focus from a large area in the center of the frame, a Spot AF mode is also available, which determines focus from a choice of three possible spot-AF hotspots, arranged across the middle of the frame. To activate Spot-AF mode, press and hold down the center button of the arrow pad in any non-movie capture mode until you see the three hotspots. You can then use the left and right buttons of the arrow pad to select the specific hotspot you want to use. If none of the hotspots covers the area you want in focus, you can select a hotspot, place it over the subject, depress the shutter button partway down to lock in focus, then re-position the camera to frame the scene before depressing the button fully to take the picture. In P, A, S, and M exposure modes, the selected hotspot or the large focus area will remain in effect until it is changed. The Konica Minolta Z20 also offers a manual focus setting, as well as a Full-time AF mode which continuously adjusts focus whether the shutter button is pressed or not. (This may be helpful in tracking moving subjects, but doesn't reduce shutter lag with stationary subjects.)

In addition to its optical zoom, the Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z20 offers a digital zoom up to 4x. (I always remind readers though, that digital zoom inevitably decreases the overall image quality because it simply enlarges the central pixels of the CCD's image.) For composing images, the DiMAGE Z20 offers a 1.5-inch LCD monitor, as well as a smaller, electronic optical viewfinder LCD display that actually uses the same LCD display, flipped up to face the inside of the camera instead of the rear panel. The Mode switch on the camera's rear panel determines which display is active, and the full information and image displays are available on both (including the LCD menu). The LCD is quite sharp, and during manual focusing, the central portion of the display is magnified by about 2.5x, as a further aid to determining optimum focus. For eyeglass wearers, the Z20's eye level viewfinder is a bit of a mixed bag. It has a dioptric adjustment with a fairly broad range. At the "nearsighted" end, it accommodated even my own 20/180 vision. On the downside though, the eyepiece has a fairly low eyepoint, making it hard to use while wearing glasses.

When it comes to exposure, the Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z20 offers a wide range of options, controlled by the Exposure Mode dial on top of the camera. Main exposure modes include Auto, Program, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority, and Manual modes, with five preset Scene modes and a Movie mode available as well. In Auto mode, the camera handles everything, including choosing a Digital Subject Program mode that sets the aperture, shutter , and flash capabilities according to subject matter. The Digital Subject Program mode can be disabled through the menu, in which case the camera acts as if it were in Program mode, but without the ability to manually adjust other settings. In the Program mode, the camera sets optimum shutter speeds and apertures for typical subjects, leaving only the zoom, drive mode, flash, etc., for the user to worry about. Aperture and Shutter Priority modes provide partial manual control, letting the user adjust one variable while the camera selects the other. Finally, in Manual mode, the user has complete control over the exposure.

Aperture settings run from f/3.2-3.4 (with the lens at its wide and telephoto settings respectively) to f/8. Shutter speeds range from 1/2,000 to 4 seconds in Program, Shutter Priority, Aperture Priority, and Manual modes is four seconds, and two seconds in Auto and Digital Subject Program modes. The Z20 also features a Noise Reduction function which uses dark-frame subtraction to reduce image noise resulting from long exposure times, but unlike the Z10 cannot be disabled. In addition to the various conventional automatic, semi-automatic, and manual exposure modes, the five Digital Subject Program modes include Night Portrait, Sunset, Landscape, Sports Action, and Portrait modes, for shooting in common, yet sometimes challenging, situations. Night Portrait allows use of the flash in conjunction with longer exposure times for more even illumination, Sunset mode sets the white balance to "daylight" and biases the exposure to produce saturated colors in sky shots, Landscape mode uses a small aperture to produce greater depth of field, Sports Action mode biases the exposure system toward faster shutter speeds, and Portrait mode uses a larger aperture to decrease depth of field, slightly blurring the background behind the primary subject. The camera's Self-Timer mode provides a two or ten-second delay between the time the Shutter button is pressed and the time that the camera actually takes the picture, allowing you to get into your own shots.

By default, the Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z20 employs a Multi-Segment metering system, which reads multiple areas throughout the frame to determine the exposure. Through the Record menu, however, you can opt for Spot or Center-Weighted metering modes. The right and left arrow keys on the camera's back panel control the Exposure Compensation, adjusting it from -2 to +2 exposure equivalents (EV) in one-third step increments. Light sensitivity is adjustable to ISO values of 64, 100, 200, or 320, with an Auto setting as well. White Balance is also adjustable through the settings menu, with options for Auto, Preset (Daylight, Cloudy, Incandescent, Fluorescent and Flash), and a Custom setting for manually adjusting the color balance with a white card. The Record menu also offers Sharpness and Contrast adjustments, as well as a Color setting with Natural, Vivid, Black and White and Sepia color options. The Konica Minolta Z20 features a built-in flash, which operates in Auto, Red-Eye Reduction, Fill-Flash, Suppressed, or Slow-Sync modes. An adjustment in the Record menu lets you control the intensity of the flash, from -2 to +2 EV.

In Movie exposure mode, the camera captures 640 x 480 or 320 x 240-pixel resolution moving images without sound. Frame rate at 640 x 480 is limited to 15 frames/second, but the 320 x 240 size permits recording at either 15 or 30 frames/second. The recording time per segment seems to be limited only by the capacity of the memory card you're using, although it's possible that segment length may be shorter with very slow memory cards. (The only large SD cards I had on hand to test with were fairly fast Lexar units. Cards with slower write speeds may cause the camera's internal buffer memory to fill, terminating the recording before the card capacity has been reached.) You have an option for Standard or Night movie modes, can operate the zoom lens while the camera is recording. (One advantage of recording without sound, since there's no audio track to be affected by the noise of the zoom motor.) Night Movie mode uses slower shutter speeds to cope with dim lighting conditions, but as a result will produce blurred images of quickly moving objects.

For shooting action subjects, the Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z20's Continuous Advance modes capture a rapid series of images while you hold down the Shutter button, much like a motor drive on a traditional 35mm camera. The maximum rate of capture is about 3.3 frames/second for full-resolution images, a very good pace. The number of images that can be captured will depend on memory card capacity (of course), as well as subject content, but ranges from 2 at the Fine setting at the 2,560 x 1,592 pixel resolution to about 60 at the Economy setting at 640 x 480. Besides the normal Continuous Advance mode, the Z20 offers a feature called "Progressive Capture," which begins continuously acquiring images when you press and hold down the shutter button, but only saves the last six captured when you finally release the shutter button. Progressive capture is intended to help with capturing fast action, when you don't know exactly when the critical moment will arrive. (Great for those like myself whose reflexes are slowing as we age.) The leisurely capture rate of a bit under one frame/second with full-resolution images in progressive mode unfortunately means that the camera's "reflexes" are on the slow side as well. - For my part, I found I had much better luck capturing critical moments with the Z20 when I just half-pressed and held the shutter button before the actual exposure itself, thereby dramatically reducing the shutter lag. Also available is an Auto Exposure Bracketing mode, which captures three consecutive frames at different exposure settings, varying by 0.3, 0.5, or 1.0 EV steps. Auto Exposure Bracketing disables the flash control.

The Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z20 stores its images on SD memory cards, and a 16MB card accompanies the camera. (The camera also works with MMC cards, which used to be slightly less expensive, but which have now for the most part disappeared from the market.) I highly recommend picking up a larger capacity card right away, so you don't miss any important shots. (These days, a 128 MB card represents a good tradeoff between capacity and cost.) Connection to a host computer for image download is via USB. The Konica Minolta Z20 is a "storage-class" device, which means that it doesn't require any separate driver software for Windows 2000 and XP, or for Mac OS 8.6 and later. The camera utilizes four AA-type batteries for power, and has really outstanding battery life, with a worst-case run time of four hours, even with inexpensive 1600 mAh-capacity NiMH cells. I as always recommend picking up at least two sets of high-capacity rechargeable NiMH batteries and a good charger, and keeping a set freshly charged at all times. Click here to read my "battery shootout" page to see which batteries currently on the market are best, or here for my review of the Maha C-204W charger, my current favorite. The optional AC adapter is also useful for preserving battery power when reviewing and downloading images, or when viewing images and movie son a television, via the supplied A/V cable.

Basic Features

• 5.0-megapixel CCD.
• Electronic optical viewfinder (EVF).
• 1.5-inch color TFT LCD monitor with anti-reflection coating.
• 8x, 6-48mm lens, equivalent to a 36-290mm lens on a 35mm camera.
• 4x digital zoom.
• Automatic, Program, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority, and Manual exposure modes, plus five preset Digital Subject Program modes.
• Shutter speeds from 1/2,000 to 4 seconds.
• Maximum aperture f/3.2 to f/3.4, depending on lens zoom position.
• Built-in flash with five modes.
• SD/MMC memory card storage, 16MB card included.
• Images saved as JPEG files.
• Power supplied by four AA-type batteries or optional AC adapter.
• DiMAGE Viewer and USB drivers included for both Windows and Mac platforms.

Special Features

• Continuous Advance shooting mode.
• Progressive Capture mode captures last 6 images before you release the shutter button.
• Auto Exposure Bracketing.
• 10-second Self-Timer for delayed shutter release.
• White Balance (color) adjustment with seven modes, including a manual setting
• Adjustable ISO with four sensitivity settings (50, 100, 200, 320) and an Auto mode.
• Multi-Segment, Center-Weighted, and Spot metering options.
• Spot and Full-time AF modes.
• Color, Sharpness, and Contrast adjustments.
• USB PictBridge direct printing capability.
• A/V cable for connection to a television set.
• USB cable for connection to a computer (driver software included).

Recommendation
With its 8x optical zoom lens, full range of exposure control, fairly compact size, and excellent movie- and continuous-capture modes, the Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z20 is a full-featured yet surprisingly affordable long-zoom digicam. Though the camera features full manual exposure control, its simplified user interface and available automatic and "scene" modes make it very approachable for less-experienced novices who want to gradually learn more about digital photography. A 5.0-megapixel CCD delivers quality images, with enough resolution to make 11x17 prints or 8x10s with heavy cropping, and with lower resolution options available for email and other electronic uses. The Z20 is compact enough for travel, especially for a long-zoom model, and has enough exposure features to handle just about any situation. The Z20 would make a great choice for anyone looking for a long-zoom digicam with ample features, but at a very affordable price.

 

Design

Konica Minolta's DiMAGE brand name carries with it a tradition of quality and technological innovation, covering an array of digital cameras designed to suit a wide range of experience levels and price points. The Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z20 offers a strong feature set, pared down from those of Konica Minolta's higher-end models (and closely based on the original Z10), but still offering a full range of exposure control, and an 8x zoom lens, with an easy-to-learn user interface, all at a very affordable price. Made up mostly of the lens, and a tall, stylized hand grip, the two-toned, plastic body is sleek and sophisticated, and sports only a few external controls. Measuring a 4.29 x 3.23 x 3.70 inches (109 x 82 x 94 millimeters) and weighing 14.7 ounces (417 grams) with the batteries and SD memory card, the Konica Minolta Z20 is fairly compact for such a long-zoom camera. A neckstrap accompanies the camera for easy toting, but I'd recommend picking up a small camera case to protect the matte-silver finish of the plastic body panels when traveling.

While it undoubtedly contributes to the camera's light weight and low cost, the lightweight plastic body of the Z20 does have a rather "plasticky" feel to it that may turn off some prospective purchasers. While the rubber grip panels on the left and right sides help with this somewhat (there's no real "creaking" or flexing to speak of), and the camera as a whole seems to be rugged enough, the lens barrel in particular feels a little cheap in the hand.

 

The front of the Konica Minolta Z20 is dominated by the large lens and handgrip. The rigid lens extends just over an inch from the camera front. A plastic lens cap clamps onto the lens for protection, but doesn't connect to the camera in any way, so could easily be lost. A set of filter threads around the inside lip of the lens barrel on the body of the camera accommodate Konica Minolta's accessory lenses via an accessory adapter. Konica Minolta's optional accessory lenses extend both the camera's wide angle and telephoto capabilities. A nice feature of the Z20 is that its lens doesn't telescope out from the body when the camera is turned on. You therefore don't need any special adapters to attach accessory lenses, and needn't worry about the weight of such lenses damaging a delicate telescoping mechanism. It also means that the lens itself remains fairly well protected from accidental knocks or bumps. Also on the front panel is the infrared autofocus window (just below the fixed flash), and the red LED that winks to count down the self-timer delay (visible as a small dark dot on the handgrip below the shutter button). A substantial handgrip provides a firm hold on the camera, with plenty of room for your fingers to curve around the grip. While it offers plenty to grab onto, the handgrip is still small enough to be comfortable for users with smaller hands.

 

The right side of the Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z20 (as viewed from the rear) has the card slot, a covered USB port, a black decorative plastic strip and one of the neck strap attachment eyelets. (The open card slot leaves me concerned about dirt or moisture getting into the card slot in normal handling. The card itself does fill the slot pretty completely, but I'd still rather see a door over the opening.) The card itself is quite deeply recessed, and even when ejected offers enough grip that I couldn't shake it free from the camera, however - so it seems unlikely that you'll accidentally lose a card by bumping the camera against something.

The opposite side of the camera is curved to echo the shape of the lens barrel, and features the second neck strap eyelet. The camera's DC 6V port is near the bottom. Also visible on this side of the camera is the diopter adjustment dial for the viewfinder eyepiece.

On the Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z20's top panel are the Exposure Mode dial, along with the Shutter, Macro, and Flash buttons. As with the previous Z10, these latter two buttons are rather awkward to press without taking the camera away from your eye.

The remaining camera controls are on the rear panel, along with the electronic optical viewfinder (EVF) eyepiece and 1.5-inch color LCD monitor. Curving around the right side of the LCD monitor are the Four-Way Arrow pad and Menu, Quick View/Erase, and Information buttons. The Power button and Mode dial are just beneath the LCD monitor. At the very top of the right side is the Zoom lever.

Earlier, I mentioned the unusual design of the Konica Minolta Z20's EVF, which uses the same LCD screen as for the rear-panel display in the same manner as the previous Z10 model. Despite its odd design, the scheme seems to work pretty well, as the EVF is bright and has pretty good resolution. My one complaint about it is that the eyepiece optics have a rather low eyepoint, which means that eyeglass wearers will find themselves pressing the viewfinder eyepiece tightly against the lenses of their glasses, in order to see the full frame. The EVF does have a dioptric adjustment knob with a fairly wide range of adjustment though, so you may be able to use the EVF without your eyeglasses on. (I'm quite nearsighted, at 20/180 or so, and the dioptric control could just compensate for my uncorrected vision.)

The Konica Minolta Z20's bottom panel is fairly flat, with a plastic threaded tripod mount under the lens (a good position for people interested in panoramic photography), and the battery compartment starting at the base of the handgrip and extending under the lens. A sliding latch locks and unlocks the battery compartment door, to prevent it from accidentally popping open while shooting. The battery compartment door is slightly too close to the tripod mount to allow battery changes when on a tripod, but given that the memory card is easily accessible, and the camera can accept external power, this really isn't too much of an issue.

 

Camera Operation

With only a handful of external camera controls and a well-organized LCD menu system, the Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z20's user interface is straightforward and easy to grasp. The Mode dial on the rear panel controls the camera's main operating mode (as well as whether the LCD display's image is routed to the rear panel or the EVF eyepiece, while the Exposure Mode dial sets the level of exposure control you have. Though only a few exposure options can be controlled externally, the Z20's efficiently laid out LCD menu system is easy to understand and relatively quick to navigate. Each menu is divided into pages with tabs at the top of the screen, so you can quickly scan each page without scrolling through a long list of options. Given the camera's straightforward setup and user-friendly design, most users should be able to operate the camera right out of the box, referring to the manual only for more complex operations.

Record-Mode Viewfinder Display: In record mode, you can choose to display an information overlay on the LCD screen, or dismiss it for an unobstructed view of your subject. Information shown includes camera mode, exposure mode, flash status, exposure compensation (if a compensation adjustment has been made), white balance setting (if something other than "Auto" is selected), image size and quality setting, drive mode (single, continuous, movie, etc.), and number of shots remaining on the memory card. If the information overlay is enabled, aperture and shutter speed are reported when the Shutter button is halfway pressed. An optional histogram overlay can be enabled by pressing "i+" button. In Auto mode, a set of icons appears across the top of the screen, to indicate that automatic scene mode selection is active.

 

In Manual Focus mode (selected via a record-menu option), the screen display changes to include a vertical bar on the right side of the image that shows an approximate indication of the current focal distance setting. Three different distance scales are shown, to provide better distance accuracy. Depending on the zoom setting, two or three scales will appear, running from 1-10cm (for wide angle focal lengths only), 0.1-1 meter, and 1 meter to infinity. When you press the up or down arrow button to change the focus, the central portion of the LCD image temporarily enlarges 2.5x to help you determine focus accurately. (I actually found that I could set the Z20's focus pretty well based on this enlarged viewfinder display.)

 

Playback-Mode Viewfinder Display: In playback mode, the Information button cycles between the image display only, the image with a limited information display, and an index display of the images on the memory card. Image information includes the file number, image number in the captured series, date and time, and the file size and quality settings. Pressing the up-arrow key on the Four-Way arrow pad calls up a histogram display showing the distribution of brightness values in the image, along with detailed exposure information. You can also zoom in up to 6x to check fine details, focus and framing, and can scroll the enlarged viewing window around the full image using the camera's arrow keys.

External Controls

Shutter Button: Angled down slightly on the camera's top panel, this button sets focus and exposure when pressed halfway, and fires the shutter when fully pressed.

Macro Button: Behind the Shutter button and curved around the Exposure Mode dial on the left side, this button controls the macro focus mode, cycling between normal AF and Macro modes.

Flash Button: Next to the Macro button, this button cycles through the available flash modes in any Record mode, unless Auto Bracketing is engaged. Options include Auto, Red-Eye Reduction Auto, Fill Flash, Slow-Sync and Suppressed.

Exposure Mode Dial: Sitting atop the back edge of the handgrip, this ribbed dial selects the camera's exposure mode with the following options:

• Auto: Give the camera control over all the exposure variables, including the choice of a Digital Subject Program. The user controls only flash mode, optical / digital zoom, drive mode, macro mode, file size and quality settings, as well as the ability to disable Digital Subject Program selection.
• Movie: Indicated on the Exposure Mode dial by a black movie camera icon, this mode records moving images with sound.
• Program (P): This mode puts the camera in control of aperture and shutter speed, the user retaining control over all other exposure variables.
• Aperture Priority (A): Here, the user controls the aperture setting, while the camera selects the appropriate corresponding shutter speed.
• Shutter Priority (S): The opposite of Aperture Priority mode, this mode lets the user choose the shutter speed setting while the camera selects the lens aperture.
• Manual (M): This mode provides complete user control over the exposure.
• Night Portrait: Marked on the Exposure Mode dial with an icon of a person with a star above them, this mode sets up the camera for capturing portraits in low-light situations. Because the camera is using a slower shutter speed here, a tripod is recommended for the best results.
• Sunset: Indicated by a beach scene with a setting sun on the Exposure Mode dial, this mode adjusts the white balance system to preserve the warm colors of a sunset without compensating for them. It also biases the exposure system to produce a slight underexposure, to prevent the sky colors from being washed out.
• Landscape: This mode is indicated by an icon of a pair of mountains with a person in front on the Exposure Mode dial. Here, the camera uses a smaller lens aperture, so that both the background and foreground will be in sharp focus.
• Sports Action: Marked on the Exposure Mode dial by an icon of a running person, this mode uses faster shutter speeds to "freeze" fast-paced action.
• Portrait: An icon of a woman's head indicates this mode on the Exposure Mode dial. In Portrait mode, the camera employs a larger lens aperture setting, which decreases the depth of field. This produces a sharply focused image of the subject, in front of a slightly blurred background.

Zoom Control: Crowning the top right corner of the rear panel, just beneath the Exposure Mode dial, this two-way rocker button controls the optical and digital zoom in Record mode. In Playback mode, this button controls the playback zoom setting, digitally enlarging the image as much as 6x.

Four-Way Arrow Pad and OK Button: A little to the right of center on the camera's rear panel, this set of five buttons serves as the camera's main navigational tool. The four exterior buttons navigate through settings menus, moving the selection up, down, left, or right. The center button acts as the "OK" button, to confirm any changes. In Manual exposure mode, the right and left keys adjust the aperture setting, while the up and down keys change the shutter speed. In Aperture and Shutter Priority modes, the up and down keys adjust the available exposure variable, while the right and left keys adjust Exposure Compensation. In Program mode, the right and left keys adjust the Exposure Compensation as well. In Manual Focus mode, the up/down arrow keys adjust the focal distance of the lens. Since the Manual Focus keys are the same as those used for Aperture or Shutter speed in Aperture priority, Shutter priority and Manual exposure modes, in these modes the center button switches back and forth between the up/down arrow keys being used to adjust Manual Focus or the Aperture / Shutter value as applicable.

In Playback mode, the right and left arrow keys scroll through captured images. The Up arrow key calls up or dismisses a display screen showing a histogram of brightness values within the image, as well as detailed exposure information. The Down arrow rotates the image. On the first press the image is rotated 90 degrees counter-clockwise, followed by 90 degrees clockwise on the second press, and back to the original orientation on the third press. When an image has been enlarged, all four keys pan the view.

Menu Button: Directly below the down arrow key and the first in a series curving around the LCD monitor, this button calls up the settings menu in both Record and Playback modes.

QuickView / Erase: Below the Menu button, this button activates the QuickView image display in Record mode, which switches the camera temporarily to playback mode - allowing you to quickly view the most recent image (all playback functions except the Playback menu can be used, including browsing through images, deleting them, etc.) Half-pressing the shutter button near-instantly returns the camera to Record mode.

In Playback mode, this button displays the Single Image Erase menu, which lets you erase the currently displayed image.

Display (i+) Button: The final button in the series curving around the LCD monitor, this button controls the LCD display. In Record mode, pressing this button toggles the image information display on and off.

In Playback mode, pressing the Display button displays or dismisses a limited information display. A third press switches to an index display of thumbnail images for rapidly reviewing photos in the camera, while a fourth press returns to the normal display.

Power Button: Located in the center of the Mode dial beneath the LCD monitor, this button turns the camera on and off.

Mode Dial: Encircling the Power button on the rear panel, this dial sets the camera's operating mode and viewfinder display location. Options are Record EVF (electronic viewfinder), Record LCD, and Playback LCD.

Diopter Adjustment Control: Tucked on the side of the viewfinder eyepiece, this tiny, notched knob adjusts the viewfinder display to accommodate near- or farsighted users.

 

Camera Modes and Menus

Record Mode: In Record mode, the camera can capture still images ,with a range of options available through the settings menu. The Exposure Mode dial sets the exposure control mode, while the LCD menu provides the following exposure options (some options are not available in all modes):

• Record 1 (all modes)
• Drive Mode: (Still modes only) Sets drive mode to Single, Self-Timer, Continuous, Progressive, or Bracketing.
• Image Size: Adjusts the image resolution to 2560 x 1920; 2048 x 1536; 1,600 x 1,200; or 640 x 480 pixels. In Movie mode, resolution options are 640 x 480; 320 x 240.
• Quality: Specifies the JPEG compression level for still images. Options are Fine, Standard, or Economy.
• Frame Rate: (Movie mode only.) Sets the movie recording frame rate to 15 or 30 frames per second. (At 640x480, only the 15 fps option is available.)
• Auto DSP: (Auto mode only.) Enables or disables the camera's Automatic Digital Subject Program Selection feature, which attempts to select the appropriate scene mode for you. When disabled, the camera functions as if in Program mode, but Program mode options such as exposure compensation are not available.
• White Balance: Adjusts the overall color balance of the scene. Options include Auto, Preset (Daylight, Cloudy, Incandescent, Fluorescent, and Flash), Custom Set (manual adjustment), and Custom Recall.
• Key Function: (Still modes only) Assigns a function to the Flash key. Options are Flash Mode, Drive Mode, White Balance, Focus Mode, Color Mode, and Sensitivity.
• Movie Mode: (Movie mode only.) Sets the movie recording mode to either Standard or Night Movie. (Night Movie mode uses slower shutter speeds to cope with dim lighting conditions, but as a result will produce blurred images of quickly moving objects.)

 

• Record 2 (Program, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority, Manual and Movie modes only)
• Focus Mode: Selects either Single, Continuous, or Manual focus control.
• Color Mode: (Movie mode only.) Chooses whether the camera records images in Natural Color, Vivid (highly saturated) Color, Black and White, or Sepia tones.
• Full time AF: (Still modes only) Turns the Full time AF option on or off. If on, the camera adjusts focus continuously whenever the camera is in a capture mode. (See the timing results on the Picky Details page though, this mode actually slowed capture significantly in my testing.)
• Flash Mode: (Still modes only) Sets the flash mode to Auto, Red-Eye Reduction, Fill, or Slow Sync modes, or Cancel, to disable the flash completely.
• Flash Compensation: (Still modes only) Adjusts flash power from -2 to +2 exposure equivalents (EV) in 1/3EV steps.
• Metering Mode: (Still modes only) Designates how the camera meters the exposure. Options are Multi-Segment, Center-Weighted, and Spot.

 

• Record 3 (Program, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority and Manual modes only)
• Sensitivity: Sets the camera's sensitivity to Auto, or to 50,100, 200, or 320 ISO equivalents.
• Digital Zoom: Turns the 4x digital zoom on and off. (Digital zoom only engages after the lens has been zoomed all the way to its max telephoto.)
• Color Mode: Chooses whether the camera records images in Natural Color, Vivid (highly saturated) Color, Black and White, or Sepia tones.
• Sharpness: Adjusts the in-camera image sharpening. Options are Normal, Hard, and Soft.
• Contrast: Controls the level of image contrast, with choices of Normal, High, and Low.

 

Playback Mode: This mode allows you to review captured images on the memory card, erase them, protect them, set them up for printing, etc. Pressing the Menu button displays the following options:

• Playback 1
• Delete: Erases the current frame, all frames, or marked frames from the memory card. (If you select "Marked Frames", you'll be taken to another screen, where you can mark the frames you want to delete.)
• Format: Formats the SD/MMC memory card, removing all files, even those which have been locked using the menu option below.
• Lock: Write-protects the current image, all marked images or all images, preventing them from being manipulated or erased (except via card formatting). An option also exists to Unlock images.
• Copy: Lets you copy either the current image, or all marked images, from one Secure Digital card to another, via the camera's internal memory. You are prompted to change the card at the appropriate point. Up to 13MB of files can be copied in one operation. (That is, in each swap of the cards.)

 

• Playback 2
• Slide Show: Launches an automated slide show of all the still images saved on the memory card.
• Slide Show Playback: Specifies which images are played back in the slide show, either All Frames or Marked Frames. (As in the Delete and Lock options on the first playback screen, the Marked Frames option lets you "mark" frames for playback.)
• Slide Show Duration: Determines the interval length between images, from one to 60 seconds.
• Slide Show Repeat: Sets whether the slide show repeats after the last image or not.

 

• Playback 3
• DPOF Set: Allows you to set up images for subsequent printing on a DPOF (Digital Print Order Format)-compliant output device. You can select individual images, marked images, or all images on the card for printing. You can also cancel print settings.
• Date Print: Turns the Date Print function on or off. If on, a DPOF printer will print the date on all images in the current print order.
• Index Print: Turns the Index Print function on or off. If on, a DPOF printer will print an index page of all images on the memory card.
• Email Copy: Makes a low-resolution copy of the selected image. You can make copies of either the current image alone, or of multiple images you've marked separately. Email copy images are stored in a separate "EM" folder on the memory card. (This is a fairly rare and very handy option, although I somewhat prefer Sony's implementation of it, in which the camera will can be set to automatically make email-sized copies of all images as they're captured.)

 

Setup Mode: The following Setup menu options are accessible through both the Record and Playback menu screens, as a separate tab on the far right:

• Setup 1
• LCD Brightness: Adjusts the brightness of the LCD display, with 11 steps of brightness adjustment possible.
• Power Save: Sets the camera to shut itself off after 1, 3, 5, or 10 minutes of inactivity.
• Instant Playback: Turns the Instant Playback function on or off, which displays an image immediately post-capture. If enabled, the review time can be set to two or 10 seconds.
• Lens Accessory: Specifies whether the Wide Converter lens accessory is in use.
• Language: Changes the menu language to Japanese, English, German, French, Spanish, Chinese, Italian, or Swedish.

 

• Setup 2
• File # Memory: Specifies whether file numbering starts over when a card is reformatted, or a new card is inserted, or whether the numbering continues sequentially regardless of card status.
• Folder Name: You can have the camera name the folders it stores its images in on the memory card using either the camera's standard scheme, or by Date. (The latter being a handy way to keep track of photos you've shot over a period of time.)
• Date Time Set: Sets the camera's internal calendar and clock.
• Date Imprint: Turns the date imprint function on or off, overlaying the date on captured images when enabled.