Study of immune dysfunction in oral cancer

Cancer is a large family of diseases, arises from a series of genetic alterations that promote resistance to apoptosis, self- sufficiency in growth, cellular immortalisation and escape from cell cycle exist. The acquisition of these properties ultimately facilitates angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The process of tumorigenesis that is transformation of normal cells to malignant neoplasm involves genetic mutations and epigenetic abnormalities that cooperate with genetic lesions to generate the cancer phenotype. The global scenario of cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence is projected by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a specialized cancer agency of the World Health Organization (WHO). According to IARC, an estimated 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths occurred in 2012, compared with 12.7 million and 7.6 million, respectively, in 2008. Prevalence estimates for 2012 show that there were 32.6 million people (over the age of 15 years) alive who had a cancer diagnosed in the previous five years (Ferlay et al, 2012). Epidemiology of Oral Cancer.