Waves of Resistance: Surfing and History in Twentieth-Century Hawaii
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Numar articol:191119443
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Preț:187,00 Lei
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Specificatii
Surfing has been a significant sport and cultural practice in
Hawai'i for more than 1,500 years. In the last century, facing
increased marginalization on land, many Native Hawaiians have found
refuge, autonomy, and identity in the waves. In Waves of Resistance
Isaiah Walker argues that throughout the twentieth century Hawaiian
surfers have successfully resisted colonial encroachment in the
po'ina nalu (surf zone). The struggle against foreign domination of
the waves goes back to the early 1900s, shortly after the overthrow
of the Hawaiian kingdom, when proponents of this political seizure
helped establish the Outrigger Canoe Club--a haoles (whites)-only
surfing organization in Waikiki. A group of Hawaiian surfers, led
by Duke Kahanamoku, united under Hui Nalu to compete openly against
their Outrigger rivals and established their authority in the
surf.Drawing from Hawaiian language newspapers and oral history
interviews, Walker's history of the struggle for the po'ina nalu
revises previous surf history accounts and unveils the relationship
between surfing and colonialism in Hawai'i. This work begins with a
brief look at surfing in ancient Hawai'i before moving on to
chapters detailing Hui Nalu and other Waikiki surfers of the early
twentieth century (including Prince Jonah Kuhio), the 1960s radical
antidevelopment group Save Our Surf, professional Hawaiian surfers
like Eddie Aikau, whose success helped inspire a newfound pride in
Hawaiian cultural identity, and finally the North Shore's Hui O
He'e Nalu, formed in 1976 in response to the burgeoning
professional surfing industry that threatened to exclude local
surfers from their own beaches. Walker also examines how Hawaiian
surfers have been empowered by their defiance of haole ideas of how
Hawaiian males should behave. For example, Hui Nalu surfers
successfully combated annexationists, married white women, ran
lucrative businesses, and dictated what non-Hawaiians could and
could not do in their surf--even as the popular, tourist-driven
media portrayed Hawaiian men as harmless and effeminate. Decades
later, the media were labeling Hawaiian surfers as violent
extremists who terrorized haole surfers on the North Shore. Yet
Hawaiians contested, rewrote, or creatively negotiated with these
stereotypes in the waves. The po'ina nalu became a place where
resistance proved historically meaningful and where colonial
hierarchies and categories could be transposed.
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